【服务器入门】快速配置轻量应用服务器（腾讯云）

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服务器基本信息

轻量应用服务器（腾讯云）：Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS

https://console.cloud.tencent.com/lighthouse/instance

网络：

（公）x.x.x.x

（内）x.x.x.x

账号及密码：

root@x.x.x.x/xxxxxxxx

team@x.x.x.x/xxxxxxxx

用户管理

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# 创建用户
root@VM-4-13-ubuntu:~# adduser team

# 修改密码
team@VM-4-13-ubuntu:~$ sudo passwd root

# 查看用户
root@VM-4-13-ubuntu:~# awk -F':' '{ print $1}' /etc/passwd

# 用户授予和root相同的权限
root@VM-4-13-ubuntu:~# vi /etc/sudoers
team    ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL

# 安装vsftpd
root@VM-4-13-ubuntu:~# apt install vsftpd

远程登录

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# 确认开启端口22
(base) ☁  ~  telnet x.x.x.x 22

# 密码登录，默认情况下，root是禁止远程登录的
(base) ☁  ~  ssh team@x.x.x.x

# 进入服务器，建立密钥对
➜  ~ ssh-keygen -C "xxxxxxx@163.com"

# 安装公钥
➜  .ssh cat id_rsa.pub >> authorized_keys
➜  .ssh chmod 600 authorized_keys
➜  ~ chmod 700 .ssh

# 设置ssh
➜  ~ sudo vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
RSAAuthentication yes
PubkeyAuthentication yes
:wq!

# 另外在本配置文件下有如下选项
# 禁止密码登录
PasswordAuthentication no
# 允许root通过ssh登录
PermitRootLogin yes

# 登录本机
➜  ~ ssh localhost

# 远程登录
(base) ☁  ~  ssh -i .ssh/id_rsa team@x.x.x.x

# 重启ssh服务
➜  ~ sudo service sshd restart

安装 ohmyzsh

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# 安装zsh
team@VM-4-13-ubuntu:~$ sudo apt install zsh
# 安装git
team@VM-4-13-ubuntu:~$ sudo apt install git
# 安装ohmyzsh
team@VM-4-13-ubuntu:~$ sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"

安装并配置MySQL

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# 安装mysql server
root@VM-4-13-ubuntu:~# apt install mysql-server
..............
update-alternatives: using /etc/mysql/mysql.cnf to provide /etc/mysql/my.cnf (my.cnf) in auto mode
........................
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mysql.service → /lib/systemd/system/mysql.service.
..............

# 安装mysql client
root@VM-4-13-ubuntu:~# apt install mysql-client-core-5.7
root@VM-4-13-ubuntu:~# apt install mariadb-client-core-10.1
......
update-alternatives: using /etc/mysql/mariadb.cnf to provide /etc/mysql/my.cnf (my.cnf) in auto mode
........

# 启动/重启/停止/查看mysql服务
root@VM-4-13-ubuntu:~# service mysql start/restart/stop/staus

# 如果mysql服务被屏蔽
root@VM-4-13-ubuntu:~# systemctl unmask mysql.service

# 设置root初始密码
root@VM-4-13-ubuntu:~# vi init.sql
alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'xxxxxxxxx';
:wq!s


# 用户授权
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'*' identified by 'xxxxxxxxxxxx';
mysql> flush privileges;

# 修改密码
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'xxxxxxxxx';

# 创建用户
mysql> CREATE USER 'team'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'xxxxxxx';
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'team'@'*' identified by 'xxxxxxxx' with grant option;

# 取消mysql大小写敏感，只需要在配置文件中添加如下配置
[mysqld]
lower_case_table_names=1

# 备份数据库
➜  ~ mysqldump -uteam -pxxxxxxx dbxxxxx > workorders.sql

安装Docker

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# （1）安装docker，源更新
➜  ~ sudo apt update
# （2）安装 apt 依赖包，用于通过HTTPS来获取仓库
➜  ~ sudo apt-get install \
    apt-transport-https \
    ca-certificates \
    curl \
    gnupg-agent \
    software-properties-common
# （3）添加密钥
➜  ~  curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
# （4）验证指纹锁
➜  ~ sudo apt-key fingerprint 0EBFCD88
# （5）设置稳定版本库
➜  ~ sudo add-apt-repository \
   "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \
  $(lsb_release -cs) \
  stable"
# （6）更新 apt 包索引
➜  ~ sudo apt update
# （7）安装最新的Docker Engine-Community
➜  ~ sudo apt install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
# 或者（7）指定安装版本，查看可用版本
➜  ~ apt-cache madison docker-ce
# 或者（8）安装指定版本
➜  ~ sudo apt install docker-ce=5:18.09.9~3-0~ubuntu-xenial docker-ce-cli=5:18.09.9~3-0~ubuntu-xenial containerd.io
# 如果要使用 Docker 作为非 root 用户，则应考虑使用类似以下方式将用户添加到 docker 组
➜  ~ sudo usermod -aG docker team
➜  ~ newgrp docker
# 配置阿里云镜像加速
➜  ~ sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
heredocd> {
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://8th48jkz.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
heredocd> EOF
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://8th48jkz.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
➜  ~ cat /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://8th48jkz.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
➜  ~ sudo systemctl daemon-reload
➜  ~ sudo systemctl restart docker.service
➜  ~ docker info
.......
Registry Mirrors:
 https://8th48jkz.mirror.aliyuncs.com/
.......

# 拉镜像
➜  ~ docker pull mysql:5.7
➜  ~ docker pull nginx:1.10
➜  ~ docker pull redis:4.0
➜  ~ docker pull tomcat:8.0

# 运行nginx容器：端口映射，将本地 8081 端口映射到容器内部的 80 端口
➜  ~ docker run --name nginx-server -p 8081:80 -d nginx
➜  ~ docker run --name nginx -d -p 8081:80 \
   -v /usr/docker/nginx/log:/var/log/nginx \
   -v /usr/docker/nginx/html:/usr/share/nginx/html \
   -v /usr/docker/nginx/conf.d:/etc/nginx/conf.d nginx:1.10
➜  ~ docker run --name nginx -d -p 8081:80 \
   -v /usr/docker/nginx/log:/var/log/nginx \
   -v /usr/docker/nginx/conf.d:/etc/nginx/conf.d nginx:1.10
# 启动kylin
➜  ~ docker run --name kylin3.0.1 -d -m 8G -p 7070:7070 -p 8088:8088 -p 50070:50070 -p 8032:8032 -p 8042:8042 -p 16010:16010 apachekylin/apache-kylin-standalone:3.0.1

# 安装python模块，可以解决Memoryerror问题
(env3.7) ➜  ~ pip --no-cache-dir install tensorflow -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple/

配置容器：

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# 启动MYSQL
➜  ~ sudo docker run -p 3306:3306 --name mysql -v /mydata/mysql/log:/var/log/mysql -v /mydata/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql -v /mydata/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root -d mysql:5.7
# mysql管理
mysql> create user 'team' identified by 'xxxxxx';
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'team'@'%' identified by 'xxxxxx';
# 拷贝数据
➜  ~ sudo docker cp /home/team/projects/workorders.sql mysql:/

# 启动redis
➜  ~ sudo docker run -p 6379:6379 --name redis -v /mydata/redis/data:/data -d redis:4.0 redis-server --appendonly yes

# 启动nginx
➜  ~ sudo docker run -p 80:80 --name nginx -v /mydata/nginx/html:/usr/share/nginx/html -v /mydata/nginx/logs:/var/logs/nginx -v /mydata/nginx/nginx:/etc/nginx -d nginx:1.10

# 启动tomcat
➜  ~ sudo docker run -p 8080:8080 --name tomcat -v /mydata/tomcat/webapps:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps -v /mydata/tomcat/logs:/usr/local/tomcat/logs -d tomcat:8.0

➜  ~ sudo docker run -p 8080:8080 --name tomcat -d tomcat:8.5.54
# 拷贝容器中的conf文件
➜  ~ sudo docker container cp tomcat:/usr/local/tomcat/conf /mydata/tomcat/conf
# 修改配置再次启动
➜  ~ sudo docker run -p 8080:8080 --name tomcat -v /mydata/tomcat/webapps:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps -v /mydata/tomcat/logs:/usr/local/tomcat/logs -v /mydata/tomcat/conf:/usr/local/tomcat/conf -d tomcat:8.0

➜  ~ sudo docker run -p 8080:8080 --name tomcat -v /mydata/tomcat:/usr/local/tomcat -d tomcat:8.5.54

# dockerfile 配置镜像
➜  tomcat docker build -f Dockerfile -t tomcat:new .

# 启动maxwell
➜  ~ sudo docker run -it --rm zendesk/maxwell bin/maxwell --user='root' --password='xxxxxx' --host='x.x.x.x' --producer=stdout

安装Nginx

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/usr/sbin/nginx：主程序
/etc/nginx：存放配置文件
/usr/share/nginx：存放静态文件
/var/log/nginx：存放日志
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➜  ~ docker pull nginx
➜  ~ docker run --name nginx-demo -d -p 80:80 nginx:latest
➜  ~ docker exec -it nginx-demo /bin/bash
root@6b14f12532e1:/# ls /var/log/nginx/
root@6b14f12532e1:/# ls /etc/nginx/
root@6b14f12532e1:/# ls /usr/share/nginx/html/
➜  docker mkdir -p nginx/log nginx/conf nginx/html
➜  docker docker run --name nginx-demo -d -p 80:80 \
>              -v /home/team/docker/nginx/log:/var/log/nginx\
>              -v /home/team/docker/nginx/nginx:/etc/nginx\
>              -v /home/team/docker/nginx/html:/usr/share/nginx/html nginx:latest

安装 Java

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# 官网下载jdk包，上传至服务器
➜  tools ls -la jdk-8u291-linux-x64.tar.gz
# 解压
➜  local sudo tar -xvf ~/tools/jdk-8u291-linux-x64.tar.gz
# 创建软链接
➜  local sudo ln -s jdk1.8.0_291 jdk1.8
# 添加环境变量
➜  ~ vi .zshrc  
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
:wq!

➜  ~ source .zshrc

搭建 Jenkins + GitHub

安装 Jenkins

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# 更新source list
➜  tools sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-security universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-security multiverse
:wq!

# 更新
➜  tools sudo apt update
# 下载镜像
➜  tools wget -q -O - https://pkg.jenkins.io/debian/jenkins-ci.org.key | sudo apt-key add -
# 将Debian包存储库地址附加到服务器的sources.list 
➜  tools echo deb http://pkg.jenkins.io/debian-stable binary/ | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/jenkins.list
# 更新
➜  tools sudo apt update 
# 错误处理：W: GPG error: https://pkg.jenkins.io/debian-stable binary/ Release: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY FCEF32E745F2C3D5
➜  tools sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys FCEF32E745F2C3D5
# 添加Java环境变量
root@VM-4-13-ubuntu:~# ln -s /usr/local/jdk1.8/bin/java /usr/bin/java
# 安装
➜  tools sudo apt install -y jenkins

参考文献

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